Links

To count links on a page, count links in a specific section like footer, open each link in a new tab using Ctrl+Enter, and then get all page titles, use findElements, section scoping, Keys.chord, and window-handle iteration in Selenium WebDriver with Java.

Below are concise, reusable notes you can paste into your documentation.

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1. Count all links on a page

Concept: All normal HTML links use the anchor tag <a>. To count all links, fetch all elements with tag name a and get the list size.

Code

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.List;

public class CountAllLinks {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.get("https://rahulshettyacademy.com/AutomationPractice/");

        // 1) Get all links on the page
        List<WebElement> allLinks = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));

        // 2) Print total count
        System.out.println("Total links on page: " + allLinks.size());

        // 3) (Optional) Print each link text and URL
        for (WebElement link : allLinks) {
            System.out.println("Text: " + link.getText() + " | Href: " + link.getAttribute("href"));
        }

        driver.quit();
    }
}

Key points

• findElements(By.tagName("a")) returns a List<WebElement> containing all anchor elements.
• list.size() gives the total number of links.

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2. Count links in a specific section (e.g., footer)

Concept: Scope the search to a parent section element (like footer) first, then search links inside that element using footerElement.findElements(...).

Steps

1. Identify locator for footer section (e.g., <footer> tag, id, or class).
2. Get the footer WebElement.
3. Call findElements(By.tagName("a")) on that footer element.
4. Use size() to get link count.

Code

public class CountFooterLinks {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.get("https://rahulshettyacademy.com/AutomationPractice/");

        // 1) Locate footer section (adjust locator to your application)
        WebElement footer = driver.findElement(By.id("gf-BIG"));   // or By.tagName("footer") / By.xpath("...")

        // 2) Get all <a> tags within footer only
        List<WebElement> footerLinks = footer.findElements(By.tagName("a"));

        // 3) Count footer links
        System.out.println("Footer link count: " + footerLinks.size());

        // 4) (Optional) Print each footer link text
        for (WebElement link : footerLinks) {
            System.out.println("Footer link: " + link.getText() + " | " + link.getAttribute("href"));
        }

        driver.quit();
    }
}

Key points

• Using footer.findElements(...) restricts search inside the footer only, not the whole page.
• You can do the same for any section (header, nav, sidebar) by changing the parent locator.

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3. Open all links in a section using Ctrl + Enter

Concept: Most browsers open a link in a new tab when user presses Ctrl + Enter on a focused link. Selenium can simulate this by sending the combined key using Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, Keys.ENTER) to each link element.

Note: On macOS, use Keys.COMMAND instead of Keys.CONTROL.

Code

import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

public class OpenLinksInNewTabs {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.get("https://rahulshettyacademy.com/AutomationPractice/");

        // 1) Locate footer (or any section)
        WebElement footer = driver.findElement(By.id("gf-BIG"));

        // 2) Get all links within footer
        List<WebElement> footerLinks = footer.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
        System.out.println("Footer links: " + footerLinks.size());

        // 3) Keyboard shortcut for Ctrl+Enter
        String ctrlEnter = Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, Keys.ENTER);

        // 4) Open each link in a new tab
        for (WebElement link : footerLinks) {
            link.sendKeys(ctrlEnter);
            Thread.sleep(500); // small wait so tabs can open
        }

        // Keep browser open for the next step (title collection)
        // driver.quit();  // do NOT quit yet
    }
}

Key points

• Keys.chord builds a chord of key presses to simulate keyboard shortcuts.
• link.sendKeys(ctrlEnter) is equivalent to focusing the link and pressing Ctrl+Enter.
• Add waits if your browser or machine is slow to open tabs.

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4. Get titles of all newly opened tabs

Concept: Each browser window/tab has a unique window handle. After opening new tabs, collect all window handles, switch to each handle, and read driver.getTitle().

Steps

1. Store the parent window handle before opening links.
2. After opening all links, get driver.getWindowHandles() which returns a Set<String> of all handles.
3. Loop through the set, switch to each handle, and capture the title.
4. Optionally switch back to parent window.

Code (combined with previous step)

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

public class OpenLinksAndGetTitles {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.get("https://rahulshettyacademy.com/AutomationPractice/");

        // Store parent window handle
        String parentWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();

        // Locate footer
        WebElement footer = driver.findElement(By.id("bf-BIG"));

        // Get all links in footer
        List<WebElement> footerLinks = footer.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
        System.out.println("Footer links: " + footerLinks.size());

        String ctrlEnter = Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, Keys.ENTER);

        // Open each link in new tab
        for (WebElement link : footerLinks) {
            link.sendKeys(ctrlEnter);
            Thread.sleep(500);
        }

        // Wait a bit so all tabs load
        Thread.sleep(3000);

        // Get all window handles
        Set<String> allHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
        List<String> handleList = new ArrayList<>(allHandles);

        // Iterate through each tab and print the title
        for (String handle : handleList) {
            driver.switchTo().window(handle);
            System.out.println("Window handle: " + handle);
            System.out.println("Page title: " + driver.getTitle());
        }

        // Optionally switch back to parent window
        driver.switchTo().window(parentWindow);

        driver.quit();
    }
}

Key points

• getWindowHandles() returns all open windows/tabs.
• Always keep track of the original handle to return to main window if required.
• Consider adding explicit waits if titles depend on dynamic loading.